Buddhism, the Four Noble Truths

1 ☸ dukkha

1 ☸ dukkha-dukkha (‘pain of pain’)
ordinary suffering
2 ☸ viparinama-dukkha (‘pain of alteration’)
suffering of change
3 ☸ sankhara-dukkha (‘pain of formation’)
suffering of conditioned things, see ‘skandhas’

2 ☸ samudaya

the arising of dukkha, caused by taṇhā (‘craving’) of three kinds:
1 ☸ kāma-taṇhā (‘craving for sensual pleasure’)
2 ☸ bhava-taṇhā (‘craving for existence’)
3 ☸ vibhava-taṇhā (‘craving for non-existence’)

3 ☸ nirodha

the cessation of dukkha

4 ☸ magga

the path leading to the cessation of dukkha, the Noble Eightfold Path